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All About Solar Electric Systems and Components

  • Welcome
  • About
  • General Information
    • Working Safely with Photovoltaic Systems
    • Climate-101
    • Leasing Solar Systems
  • Solar Module Quality
    • Poor Quality Solar Module
    • Poor Quality Control – Solar Cell Color Differences
    • Snail Trails
  • Solar Concepts
    • Solar Cells, Modules, and Arrays
    • Series and Parallel Wiring
    • Sun Path
    • Solar Azimuth
    • Roof Pitch and Roof Angle (Degrees)
    • Electrical Fundamentals
    • Weight of Typical Pitched Roof Solar System
    • Solar PV Module Efficiency
    • Fixed or Tracking Array
    • Shadow Calculations for Row Spacing
    • Battery State of Charge vs Open Circuit Battery Voltage
    • Solar System Output
    • sREC – Solar Renewable Energy Credits
    • Roof Zones
    • Common Electrical Services
  • Solar System Types
    • Grid Tied Residential and Small Commercial Solar System with String Inverter
    • Grid Tied Residential and Small Commercial Solar System with Micro Inverters
    • Solar System with Direct Load
    • Grid Tied Large Commercial Solar System
    • Off Grid Solar System with DC Loads
    • Off Grid Solar System with DC and AC Loads
    • Grid Tied Battery Backup Solar System
  • Designing an Off Grid Solar Electric System
    • Designing an Off Grid Solar Electric System, Step 1, Planning Considerations
    • Designing an Off Grid Solar Electric System, Step 2, Determine the Total Load
    • Designing an Off Grid Solar Electric System, Step 3a, Determine the Amount of Solar Needed Using an MPPT Controller
    • Designing an Off Grid Solar Electric System, Step 4, Sizing the Battery Bank
    • Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Book
  • System Design Equations
    • Calculate Array Voltage
  • Solar Installation Failures and What Not To Do
    • Squirrel Damage
    • Using the Wrong Disconnect
    • Poor Fused Combiner Design
    • Wrong Conduit
    • Improper Row Spacing
    • Badly Placed Conduit and Bad Roof Penetration
    • Inverter Commissioning
    • Water Filled Enclosures
  • Design Parameters
    • Conductor Ampacity of AL
    • Conductor Ampacity of CU
    • Temp Adjustment Conduit on Roof
    • Conduit Fill Table
    • Adjustment Factors Qty of Conductors
    • Solar Radiation by State
    • US Irradiance Maps
    • Wind Speed, Snow Load, Seismic Ratings, Temperature
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